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In this episode of Statecraft, host Geeta Mohan examines major geopolitical developments shaping national security, energy strategy, and global power.
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00:07How does a country of 1.4 billion people find an alternative route for its energy lifeline
00:13when the world's most critical oil choke point is at risk?
00:17And what happens when one of the world's most pacifist nations begins preparing
00:21for a future defined by missiles instead of markets?
00:25Tonight, two stories that reveal how geopolitics is forcing countries to rethink old assumptions.
00:32India was expected to face an energy crisis after the U.S.-Iran war disrupted the Strait of Hormuz.
00:37But did New Delhi quietly turn a looming disaster into a lesson in strategic resilience?
00:44And then, thousands of kilometers away, Japan is rewriting a doctrine
00:48that shaped its identity for nearly eight decades.
00:51Is Tokyo preparing for a more dangerous world or for a future
00:56where even America's security umbrella can no longer be taken for granted?
01:01One story is about reducing dependence.
01:03The other is about preparing for uncertainty.
01:06Hello and welcome. You're watching Statecraft with me, Geeta Mohan.
01:09All this and more, but first up, the headlines.
01:12After President Trump called for halting strikes on Iran and said talks are underway with Tehran,
01:17the U.K. maritime security firm Vanguard said vessel has been struck in the Strait of Hormuz near Oman.
01:23One crew member is missing.
01:25Russia said seven people, including three children, have been killed and about 40 injured
01:29at its Black Sea holiday resort of Galentzik.
01:33In what it said was a deliberate Ukrainian drone attack on civilians.
01:37In another incident, Ukrainian drones struck three warehouses across Russia overnight,
01:41including two run by Russia's top online retailer, Wild Berries, killing five people.
01:48New Delhi has called local elections held in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir as complete farce.
01:53POK has seen massive protests led by the Joint Awami Action Committee
01:57over inflated living costs and administrative apathy.
02:00This so-called local election in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir is a complete farce.
02:06Such hollow exercises cannot hide reality.
02:10An Air India flight from Phuket to New Delhi encountered turbulence,
02:14leaving 10 passengers and four cabin crew members injured
02:17after the aircraft experienced a sudden drop in altitude of nearly 300 feet.
02:22It's been a month since the Islamabad Memorandum of Understanding was signed on 17 June 2026.
02:28The MOU, touted by Pakistan as the harbinger of peace in West Asia,
02:33has not been able to deliver the desired result.
02:36President Trump, during the NATO summit, had expressed his frustration over Iran and revoked the MOU.
02:42After weeks of strikes exchanged between the U.S. and Iran,
02:45President Trump walked back on his threats to bombard Iran and halted all strikes.
02:50A day after the Iranian foreign ministry dismissed Trump's claims
02:54that both countries were getting back on the talking table
02:56at the behest of regional allies in West Asia,
03:00Trump said he wants to give Iran every last chance before decapitation.
03:06Well, you don't know. I don't know.
03:08I think we're going to maybe get something.
03:10But I want to give him every last chance before decapitation.
03:14Very tough to do what we have planned, still planned.
03:19We'll see what happens.
03:21But it's a very, very tough thing to do.
03:23I think I'm very proud of the fact that I will give people a chance.
03:28This is a big move.
03:30To do an attack that big on a country, I'd rather not do it.
03:35Now, we've already threw lots of large attacks, but they were normal large.
03:42Hopefully, they'll come to their senses,
03:44because what happened cannot have a nuclear weapon.
03:48But hopefully, they'll come to their senses.
03:50But the most notable aspect is Trump has not even once mentioned Pakistan,
03:56the chief mediating country which had initiated the past peace talks
04:00between the warring nations.
04:02Rather, Trump mentioned Iran, Saudi Arabia, the UAE and Qatar
04:06as the nations which have pressed Washington into resuming talks.
04:10Earlier, Trump had charred praises on Pakistan for its role in mediation.
04:14But this time, Islamabad was missing, at least not even mentioned once.
04:19The Trump said leaders of other friendly countries, too, called him up.
04:23Pakistan still didn't find mention in that list.
04:28When we talk, we say we're talking.
04:30If we're not talking, when you ask me, no, we're not talking, I'll say it.
04:33But we are talking right now, we're talking.
04:35And we're talking at the request of Iran,
04:38backed by Saudi Arabia,
04:40backed by UAE,
04:43and backed by Qatar in particular,
04:45but others also.
04:46Many countries called,
04:47the leaders of many are friendly with a lot of them,
04:50almost all of them,
04:51one way or the other,
04:52and they all wanted to give this a last chance.
04:56This is a last chance.
04:57A mid-continued U.S. naval blockade of the Iranian ports,
05:00Iran and Oman are closing in on an agreement
05:03to reopen the Strait of Hormuz.
05:05According to a report in the New York Times,
05:08if an agreement is reached,
05:09then vessels heading into the Persian Gulf
05:11will transit a channel under Iranian control
05:14and close to its coast,
05:16whereas ships leaving the Gulf
05:18will travel on a channel near Oman.
05:20The report further said that,
05:22though no tolls would be charged,
05:24a service fee covering the environmental impact
05:27of the shipping
05:27and security for the cargo ships and tankers,
05:31staffing will also be charged.
05:33But President Trump said,
05:34U.S. is in complete control of the Strait
05:37and the U.S. alone will charge,
05:39if at all it has to.
05:41I'm not going to let them charge.
05:43If anybody's going to charge,
05:44we'll charge.
05:45We're the one that has total control.
05:46We have total control.
05:48You know,
05:48we have a thing called a blockade
05:49with his Navy
05:50and that Navy is,
05:52they call it a wall of steel,
05:54the United States wall of steel.
05:57And no, no,
05:58there's not going to be charging.
05:59We're not talking about charging at all.
06:01There won't be charging.
06:02In yet another setback to President Trump,
06:0425 U.S. states sued the Trump administration
06:07over new tariffs of 10%
06:09to 12.5% on goods
06:11from 60 trading partners.
06:13The tariff rate that came into effect in July
06:15applies to 17 countries,
06:17including India and China.
06:19Last month,
06:20the U.S. imposed tariffs on these economies,
06:23saying the action was linked to failures
06:25on the issue of forced labor.
06:27India had, however,
06:28amended its foreign trade policy
06:30on the 14th of June,
06:31thereby prohibiting the import of goods
06:33produced using forced labor.
06:35A coalition of 25 Democratic-led U.S. states
06:39has moved the U.S. Court of International Trade
06:41against President Trump
06:43over his decision to impose tariffs
06:45on 60 economies that account for
06:4799.4% of American imports.
06:51The states have argued that the move
06:53will raise costs for consumers
06:55and businesses across the country
06:57and have asked the court
06:58to declare the tariffs illegal.
07:01The lawsuit argues that this is the pretext
07:03to impose the same broad tariffs
07:05that the administration has repeatedly tried
07:08and failed to bring in.
07:09It also says the tariffs were imposed arbitrarily
07:12and have little connection
07:14with the administration's stated goal
07:16or tackling forced labor.
07:18The world thought India had a problem.
07:20When the Strait of Hormuz
07:21became a battlefield,
07:23the assumption was simple.
07:24India's energy lifeline
07:26had just been cut.
07:28After all,
07:29six out of every ten LNG cargos
07:31entering India
07:32usually sailed through
07:33that narrow stretch of water.
07:35No Hormuz,
07:36no gas,
07:37no fuel,
07:38no backup.
07:39But that prediction
07:40didn't survive reality
07:42because while the world
07:43was watching the blockade,
07:44India was quietly redrawing
07:46its energy map.
07:47And what happened next
07:49says as much about geopolitics
07:51as it does about natural gas.
07:53The Strait of Hormuz
07:55is not just another shipping lane.
07:56It is one of the world's
07:58most important energy arteries.
08:00Nearly fifth of global oil
08:02and LNG trade
08:04passes through it every day.
08:05When conflict in West Asia
08:07disrupted traffic through the strait,
08:09global energy markets panicked.
08:12Prices surged,
08:13shipping slowed,
08:14countries began worrying
08:15about shortages.
08:17Qatar,
08:18India's largest LNG supplier,
08:20was among the worst affected.
08:22For most import-dependent economies,
08:25that should have been
08:25the beginning of an energy crisis.
08:28But India refused to play
08:29by that script.
08:30Instead of waiting
08:31for the Gulf to recover,
08:33it looked elsewhere,
08:34thousands of kilometers away,
08:36across continents,
08:37across oceans,
08:38and in doing so,
08:40it proved something important.
08:41Energy security
08:42isn't about depending
08:43on one supplier.
08:45It's about never allowing
08:46one crisis
08:47to dictate your future.
08:49The numbers reveal
08:50just how dramatic
08:51that shift was.
08:53Between May and July,
08:54India's LNG imports
08:55didn't collapse.
08:56They actually rose
08:57by more than 15%
08:58compared to last year,
09:00touching over 7 million tons.
09:02That came after imports
09:04had fallen nearly 13%
09:06in March and April,
09:07when the conflict
09:08first erupted.
09:09While several countries
09:10cut purchases
09:11because LNG
09:12had become too expensive,
09:14India made a different choice.
09:15It absorbed the higher prices
09:17rather than risk running short.
09:20And then came
09:21the biggest surprise.
09:22The country that stepped in
09:23wasn't Qatar.
09:24It wasn't another Gulf giant either.
09:27It was the United States of America.
09:29Washington quietly became
09:31India's largest LNG supplier.
09:33Nigeria followed.
09:34Oman ramped up exports.
09:36Angola joined in.
09:37In just a few months,
09:39India's energy basket
09:40looked completely different
09:41from what it had
09:42before the Hormuz crisis.
09:44The United States
09:45supplied more than
09:462 million tons of LNG
09:47to India during May-July,
09:49with exports jumping
09:50by over 250%.
09:52Imports from Oman
09:53soared by more than 340%.
09:56Nigeria more than doubled
09:58its supplies,
09:59while Angola significantly
10:00increased shipments.
10:02Together,
10:03these countries
10:04compensated for the collapse
10:05in Qatari volumes,
10:07preventing what many feared
10:08would become
10:09a full-blown supply shock.
10:12And here's why that matters.
10:14Nearly half of India's
10:15natural gas demand
10:17depends on imported LNG.
10:19That gas doesn't just
10:20power industries.
10:21It cooks meals
10:23in millions of homes.
10:24It produces fertilizers
10:25that sustain Indian agriculture.
10:27It fuels power plants.
10:29It keeps factories running.
10:31If those cargoes stop,
10:33the consequences
10:34don't remain confined
10:35to energy markets.
10:37They ripple across
10:38the entire economy.
10:40Yet India kept buying.
10:41Even as prices climbed,
10:43even as shipping risks increased,
10:46analysts say demand
10:47from city gas networks,
10:49fertilizer plants,
10:50power producers,
10:51and ceramic manufacturers
10:53remain strong
10:54throughout the crisis.
10:55New Delhi's calculation
10:57was straightforward.
10:57Paying more for energy
10:59today is cheaper
11:00than paying for shortages
11:02tomorrow.
11:03But this isn't a story
11:04about defeating
11:05the Strait of Hormuz.
11:06That crisis is far from over.
11:09Qatar's LNG exports
11:10to India have crashed
11:11by more than 90%.
11:12Shipping through the waterway
11:14remains uncertain.
11:16Asian LNG prices
11:17are expected to stay elevated.
11:19And any fresh escalation
11:21in West Asia
11:21could tighten supplies
11:23once again.
11:25Which is precisely why
11:26India's response
11:27deserves attention.
11:28It didn't eliminate the risk.
11:30It reduced its dependence on it.
11:32That is a crucial distinction
11:33because in geopolitics,
11:35resilience rarely means
11:37avoiding every crisis.
11:38It means making sure
11:40no single crisis
11:41can bring your economy
11:43to a standstill.
11:44This is the lesson hidden
11:46behind the LNG numbers.
11:47Supply chains are becoming
11:49strategic weapons.
11:50Energy is becoming diplomacy.
11:52And diversification is becoming
11:54national security.
11:56India's answer to the Hormuz crisis
11:58was not louder diplomacy
12:00or military signaling.
12:02It was something quieter,
12:03something more practical.
12:05It simply found new partners.
12:07Sometimes the biggest
12:09geopolitical victories
12:10don't happen on the battlefield.
12:11They happen on shipping routes,
12:13in long-term contracts,
12:15in cargo manifests.
12:17While the world focused
12:18on the blockade,
12:19India focused on alternatives.
12:21And that may be
12:22the most important takeaway
12:24from this entire crisis.
12:26In an era where choke points
12:28can become pressure points
12:29overnight,
12:30the countries that survive
12:31won't necessarily be the ones
12:33with the most resources.
12:34They'll be the ones
12:36with the most options.
12:39Japan just made
12:40one of the biggest
12:41geopolitical U-turns
12:42since World War II.
12:44And almost nobody
12:45is talking about why.
12:47Japan spent almost 80 years
12:49was proving one thing
12:50to the world.
12:51It would never become
12:52a military power again.
12:54No giant armies,
12:55no missile race,
12:57no defense first economy,
12:58just factories, exports,
13:00and the comfort
13:01of an American security umbrella.
13:04That formula turned Japan
13:06into an economic giant.
13:08But now,
13:08Tokyo has flipped the script.
13:10It wants more missiles,
13:12more defense factories,
13:13and more military spending.
13:15And here's the twist.
13:17It says all of that
13:18will make Japan richer.
13:20Yes, richer.
13:21Missile factories
13:22are now economic policy.
13:24Even more surprising,
13:25Japan has started talking
13:27about something
13:27that was once
13:28politically radioactive,
13:30nuclear weapons.
13:31That sounds like a plot twist
13:33nobody saw coming.
13:34So what changed?
13:36Did China suddenly
13:37scare Japan that much?
13:38Or did Japan stop believing
13:40America would always show up
13:42when the sirens go off?
13:43And is this the birth
13:45of a completely new Japan?
13:47For decades,
13:49Japan wasn't uninterested
13:51in building a military
13:52because it lacked money
13:53or technology.
13:54It chose not to.
13:56It never wanted
13:56to repeat its past.
13:58After the devastation
13:59of World War II,
14:01Japan adopted a constitution
14:02that rejected war,
14:04built only a self-defense force
14:06instead of a traditional military,
14:08and let pacifism
14:10become part of its national identity.
14:13But there was another reason, too.
14:15Japan had a deal.
14:17America provided security.
14:19Japan built the economy.
14:20Think of it like
14:21two business partners.
14:23One handled security.
14:24The other handled growth.
14:26Why spend billions on missiles
14:28when your biggest ally
14:29promised protection?
14:31That bargain worked for decades.
14:33So what broke it?
14:34Was it China?
14:35Yes, but not entirely.
14:38China's growing military,
14:39North Korea's missiles,
14:41and Russia's aggressive posture
14:42all appear in Japan's
14:43latest defense white paper.
14:45Tokyo even calls China
14:47its greatest strategic challenge.
14:49But Japan has watched
14:50those threats grow for years.
14:52The real change came somewhere else.
14:55Washington, D.C.
14:56America no longer looks
14:57as predictable as it once did.
14:59America first.
15:01Allies asked to pay more.
15:03Security guarantees that suddenly
15:04sounded more like
15:05business negotiations.
15:07That forced Japan to ask
15:09one uncomfortable question.
15:11What if America doesn't show up?
15:13The moment that question appears,
15:15everything changes.
15:16Japan no longer wants
15:17to depend entirely
15:18on someone else's umbrella.
15:20It wants to carry its own.
15:21That is why this military buildup
15:23isn't just about China.
15:25It's also insurance
15:26against an America
15:27that looks more transactional,
15:30more divided,
15:30and less predictable.
15:32And that explains something else
15:34that sounds almost unbelievable.
15:36Japan now argues
15:37that military spending
15:38creates prosperity.
15:40Wait.
15:41Since when did missiles
15:42become an economic growth strategy?
15:45According to the new white paper,
15:47defense investment creates jobs,
15:49supports startups,
15:51spreads technology
15:52into civilian industries,
15:53and improves people's lives.
15:56Instead of treating defense
15:57as money disappearing into weapons,
15:59Tokyo wants people to see it
16:01as investment in the future.
16:03That is a huge shift.
16:06For decades,
16:07defense looked like an expense.
16:09Now, it is marketed
16:10as industrial policy.
16:12Missile factories
16:13become manufacturing hubs.
16:15Defense research
16:16becomes technology investment.
16:18Military spending
16:19becomes economic growth.
16:21That is a complete
16:22political makeover.
16:23The changes don't stop there.
16:25Japan has pushed
16:26defense spending
16:27towards 2% of GDP
16:29invested in long-range missiles,
16:31drones,
16:32and domestic weapons production
16:33while making defense manufacturing
16:36more attractive
16:37for private companies.
16:39Export rules
16:40have also become
16:41more flexible
16:42to help build
16:42a stronger defense industry.
16:45So has Japan
16:45quietly abandoned
16:46its post-war pacifist identity?
16:49Officially, no.
16:50In reality,
16:51it has clearly moved away
16:53from the old model.
16:54And perhaps nothing proves
16:56that more than a conversation
16:57that once seemed impossible.
16:59Nuclear weapons.
17:00Japan still officially
17:02follows its three
17:03non-nuclear principles.
17:04No nuclear weapons,
17:05no building them,
17:06no allowing them
17:07into Japan.
17:08But here's what changed.
17:10Senior officials
17:11and cabinet members
17:12now openly argue
17:14that Japan should
17:15at least debate
17:16nuclear deterrence.
17:17A discussion
17:18that would have
17:18ended political careers
17:20a few years ago
17:20now takes place
17:21in public.
17:22Japan isn't building a bomb,
17:24but it has broken
17:25the silence.
17:27Sometimes,
17:28changing the conversation
17:29is the first step
17:30toward changing
17:30the policy.
17:32So is this the birth
17:33of a new military-industrial Japan?
17:35It certainly looks that way.
17:37The defense industry
17:38has moved from the sidelines
17:40to the center
17:41of economic planning.
17:42Missiles are no longer
17:43sold only as protection.
17:44They're sold
17:45as prosperity.
17:47And perhaps
17:48the bigger story
17:49isn't even about Japan.
17:50it's about America.
17:52For decades,
17:53U.S. power
17:54gave allies
17:55the confidence
17:55to spend on prosperity
17:57instead of protection.
17:58Today,
17:59one of America's
18:00closest allies
18:01feels the need
18:02to prepare for a future
18:03where that guarantee
18:05may not be enough.
18:06So is Japan preparing
18:08for the next war?
18:09Maybe.
18:10But more importantly,
18:11Japan is preparing
18:12for a world
18:13where every nation
18:14follows one simple rule.
18:16Trust your allies,
18:18but never depend
18:18on them completely.
18:21Africa's infrastructure race
18:22is no longer
18:23just about roads
18:24and airports.
18:24It's about who shapes
18:26the continent's future.
18:27As Western firms
18:29lose ground,
18:29China, Turkey
18:30and the Gulf
18:31are stepping in
18:31with money,
18:32muscle and influence.
18:34Has Africa become
18:35the world's newest
18:36geopolitical battleground
18:37for infrastructure
18:38and power?
18:39Debangna Dutta
18:40with this report.
18:49Two years ago,
18:51India's Adani Group
18:52had a deal
18:52to modernise Kenya's
18:54biggest airport.
18:55It fell apart.
18:56Guess who picked up
18:58the pieces?
18:59China.
19:00A 1.2 billion dollar contract
19:02straight to a state-owned firm
19:04called CRBC.
19:06Same story on the highways.
19:08France's Vinci had a deal.
19:09It collapsed.
19:11CRBC stepped in,
19:12this time with a partner.
19:14This isn't a coincidence.
19:16It's a pattern.
19:17And it's playing out
19:18across an entire continent.
19:20One firm,
19:21CRBC,
19:22has landed
19:23over 9 billion dollars
19:24in Kenyan
19:25infrastructure contracts alone.
19:27Why?
19:27Because China shows up
19:29with the whole package.
19:30Money,
19:31builders
19:31and often the people
19:33who'll run the thing
19:34once it's built.
19:35Analysts on the ground
19:36put it bluntly.
19:37Western firms
19:38simply cannot match
19:39the price.
19:40Part of that
19:41is risk.
19:42Western companies
19:43price in Africa's
19:44uncertainty
19:44and the number
19:45gets ugly.
19:46China does not
19:47carry the same overhead.
19:49There's a bigger
19:50economic story
19:50hiding underneath this.
19:52China has a surplus
19:53of capital
19:54and cheap expertise.
19:56The US
19:56and Europe
19:57have the opposite.
19:58They dominate
19:59high-end consulting,
20:00not the concrete
20:01and rebar tier
20:02where most African
20:04infrastructure money
20:05actually gets spent.
20:06Here's what's easy to miss.
20:08This is not just
20:09China versus the West anymore.
20:11Turkey is building
20:12railways in Tanzania,
20:13connecting Dar es Salaam
20:15to the capital,
20:16Dodoma.
20:17In Uganda,
20:18Turkish firm
20:19Yapimarkesi
20:20took over a railway
20:21mega project
20:22after Uganda
20:23fired the Chinese
20:23contractor
20:24over years
20:25of financing delays.
20:26Read that again.
20:27China lost a contract
20:29to Turkey.
20:30Meanwhile,
20:31the UAE
20:31is running
20:32a completely
20:32different game.
20:34Ports
20:34Dubai's DP world
20:36is not building.
20:37It's operating.
20:38Barbara in Somaliland,
20:40a brand new
20:41deep-sea port
20:41at Dayane in Senegal,
20:43deeper berths
20:44in Maputo, Mozambique.
20:46It's buying influence
20:47one concession
20:48at a time,
20:49using capital
20:50to import top talent
20:51instead of undercutting
20:52on labour
20:53like Turkey does.
20:54So,
20:55here's the real map
20:55of African infrastructure
20:57in 2026.
20:58China,
20:59capital-heavy,
21:01cost-efficient,
21:02full-package builder.
21:03Turkey,
21:04cheap labour,
21:05cultural ties
21:06especially strong
21:07in North Africa.
21:08The Gulf,
21:09capital-rich,
21:11port-obsessed,
21:12playing the long game.
21:13Add African sovereign funds,
21:15Indian conglomerates
21:16and development banks
21:17into the mix
21:18and you get one expert's verdict,
21:20this isn't a two-player game
21:22anymore.
21:22It's a multipolar marketplace
21:24and everyone's fighting
21:25over the same roads,
21:27rails and harbours.
21:28The West spent decades
21:30assuming this was
21:31their game to lose.
21:32Turns out,
21:33they already lost it.
21:34The real fight now
21:36is between everyone else.
21:38With the Bangla Dutta,
21:39Bureau Report,
21:40India Today Global.
21:42Bangladesh has sought
21:44clarification from India
21:45over its position
21:46on deposed Prime Minister
21:47Sheikh Hasina's
21:48planned press conference
21:49in New Delhi
21:50on the 5th of August.
21:51It coincides
21:52with the second anniversary
21:53of her government's ouster.
21:56Indian High Commissioner
21:56to Bangladesh,
21:58Dinesh Trivedi,
21:59paid a curtsy call
22:00on Prime Minister
22:01Tariq Rahman's
22:02foreign affairs advisor,
22:03Humayun Kabir.
22:04They reviewed various aspects
22:06of Bangladesh
22:06and their relations
22:07and discussed issues
22:08of mutual interest.
22:09The Indian High Commission
22:10in Dhaka said
22:11in a post on X
22:12that the discussion
22:13focused on increasing
22:14people-centric cooperation
22:16between the two
22:17neighbouring countries
22:18based on mutual interest
22:19and mutual benefit.
22:21The speech to be delivered
22:22by former Bangladesh
22:23Prime Minister
22:24Sheikh Hasina
22:25is being seen
22:25by officials in Dhaka
22:27to have negative impact
22:28on the now-mending ties
22:30between the two countries.
22:32Hasina's government
22:33was toppled
22:34on the 5th of August
22:35of 2024
22:35after violent student-led
22:37street protests
22:38in Bangladesh
22:39following which
22:40she fled to India.
22:42An interim government
22:43that took charge
22:44after her ouster
22:45disbanded her political party,
22:47the Awami League,
22:48under an executive order
22:49issued under
22:50an anti-terror law.
22:52In November 2025,
22:53Hasina was sentenced
22:54to death in absentia
22:56after being convicted
22:57of crimes against humanity
22:58by the International
22:59Crimes Tribunal
23:01for her role
23:02in the violent crackdown
23:03on the 2024 student-led protests.
23:06Hasina has dismissed
23:07the charges against her
23:08as politically motivated.
23:11That's all in this edition
23:13of Statecraft.
23:13Before we go,
23:14archaeologists have resumed work
23:16to preserve Libya's Roman heritage
23:19at Villa Saline
23:20and the ancient city
23:21and the ancient city
23:22of Leptis Magna
23:22after years of interruption.
23:24The efforts include
23:25excavation,
23:26conservation,
23:27work and research
23:28by a French archaeological mission
23:30studying one of
23:31North of Africa's
23:33most important
23:33Roman-era sites.
23:35Take a look at these visuals
23:37and enjoy.
23:39Goodbye
23:39and take care.
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