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  • 6 weeks ago
Préparez-vous pour un voyage sauvage sous vos pieds, car l'Afrique est littéralement en train de se déchirer ! Les scientifiques ont découvert qu'une énorme faille est en train de scinder lentement le continent en deux, et le processus est aussi spectaculaire qu'il en a l'air. Imaginez-vous debout sur un terrain qui pourrait un jour devenir le fond d'un tout nouvel océan—c'est dire l'ampleur du phénomène. Il ne s'agit pas seulement de fissures dans le sol, c'est la Terre qui se remodèle en temps réel, et les chercheurs ont enfin des réponses sur les raisons de ce phénomène. Cette découverte change notre compréhension de la tectonique des plaques et de l'avenir de la planète.

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00:00A giant fissure, of over 3500 km long, opens across Africa.
00:06Routes, houses, even schools, they make a mess.
00:09Today, scientists think that they have finally understood what is the cause.
00:14A huge column of burning rocks, a super panache,
00:18which goes from the depths of the planet.
00:20And it pushes slowly the earth, cm by cm.
00:25It's not a small change.
00:27The continent is divided into two.
00:30And the indices of what is happening might be hidden at thousands of kilometers,
00:34in Hawaii.
00:35And why did the United States suddenly play a role in all this?
00:38Attend a little.
00:39We will arrive.
00:40First of all, it is important to know that the information is not new.
00:44The Africa divided slowly over 25 millions of years.
00:48This is happening in a region called the Rift East African system.
00:52It extends thousands of kilometers from Ethiopia to Mozambique
00:56and it's the biggest system of Rift continental active on the planet.
01:00Here, I want to say,
01:01where the earth is empty and empty,
01:04causing problems,
01:06falling,
01:07and volcanic eruptions.
01:09It's terrifying.
01:10It's the least that we can say.
01:12In 2018, for example,
01:14a huge fissure appeared close to a small village
01:16just west of the capital of Kenya,
01:18Nairobi.
01:19At some places,
01:20it was about 20 meters wide,
01:22so almost the size of two school buses
01:25garés l'un derrière l'autre.
01:26It was absolutely terrifying.
01:28It was very quickly,
01:29and it destroyed a lot of things.
01:31The routes were cut.
01:32The fermes were devastated.
01:34The people were on the nerves.
01:35The ground was literally on their feet.
01:38An old man saw the fissure traverser his house.
01:41He barely had the time to recover
01:43some of his things
01:44before everything goes down.
01:47It's frightening, right?
01:48Because it was happening in the region
01:50of Grand Rift,
01:51in the East Africa,
01:52the panic was spread rapidly.
01:54The media were saying
01:55that it was proof that Africa was divided.
01:58The people who lived
01:59near the crevasse
02:00were told
02:00that it's right,
02:02it's happening.
02:03And many believe it
02:04today.
02:04But that's not really the case.
02:07At least,
02:08not with this crevasse.
02:09Because after the initial panic,
02:11videos and photos
02:12revealed an indication
02:14that they were not
02:15to the movement
02:16of the tectonics.
02:17First indication,
02:18the two sides of the crevasse
02:19correspond not to.
02:20Like when we look at
02:22two pieces of puzzle
02:23which do not correspond,
02:24the boards
02:25just simply aren't aligned.
02:26Second indication,
02:28the two sides
02:28were not a continuous line.
02:30There was a kind of
02:31bridge between the two sides.
02:36Some specialists
02:37croient that the fissure
02:38was once again
02:39full of volcanic sand
02:40from the mont Longono
02:42nearby.
02:42But then,
02:43the region was struck
02:44by the heavy rain.
02:46When the water
02:47was impregnated the soil,
02:48it took off
02:49the sand,
02:50making it visible.
02:51Problem resolved.
02:52But even
02:53that the truth was
02:54appeared,
02:54it was too late.
02:55This event
02:56had released
02:57all the discussion
02:57on the physical
02:58and imminent
03:00of Africa.
03:01But listen,
03:01even if this
03:02has nothing to do with this
03:04phenomenon,
03:04you don't know,
03:05Africa is
03:06quite a bit
03:08Because the continent
03:08is between two
03:09tectonics.
03:11The Somalian
03:13to the East
03:13and the Nubian
03:15to the West.
03:16The problem,
03:17it is that they
03:17separate from each other.
03:19And as soon as they
03:20separate,
03:21the river
03:21in the Rift
03:22African
03:23stops
03:25from the East
03:27and the East
03:31of the East
03:31and the East
03:33of the East
03:33of the East
03:33of the East
03:34and the East
03:35of the East.
03:36But don't worry
03:38about it,
03:39this process
03:39is super,
03:40super
03:41so long
03:41that no one
03:43of us will never
03:44see the end.
03:45The experts say
03:46that the continent
03:47moves around 0,3
03:49inches
03:49to some places
03:50to give you an idea,
03:52it's less than
03:53the length of your fingers.
03:54We can say
03:55without fear
03:56that the process
03:57will take millions
03:58of years,
03:58which is a good news
04:00for the residents
04:00of the region.
04:01But it doesn't mean
04:02that they will not feel
04:03the effects of this
04:04lento rupture.
04:05In fact,
04:06they already are produced.
04:08Let's take a look
04:09for example
04:09the region Afar
04:10in Ethiopia.
04:11In 2005,
04:13this region has shown
04:14how much the Rift
04:15could be imprevisible.
04:16In a very short lapse
04:17of time,
04:19420
04:19tremblements
04:20of land
04:20have struck
04:21the region
04:21opened up a huge
04:23fissure.
04:23What generally takes
04:24centuries,
04:25is produced in only
04:26a few days,
04:27putting completely
04:28into question
04:29what scientists
04:30thought about
04:31the speed of change
04:32geological change.
04:33At the time,
04:34the fissure
04:35extended to more
04:35than 56 km,
04:37and the life
04:38was far away
04:38to be easy.
04:39These recent tremblements
04:40of land
04:41have destroyed
04:42a large part
04:42of the local infrastructure.
04:4437 schools
04:45have been damaged,
04:46leaving
04:465,000 students
04:47without class
04:48and that is
04:49only a part
04:50of the damage.
04:52According to some
04:53predictions,
04:54such as the
04:54tectonic plates
04:55continue to
04:55disappear,
04:56the water will end
04:57inunding this region,
04:58thus creating a new
04:59ocean.
05:00These countries
05:01like the Zambie
05:01and the Uganda
05:02who are today
05:03today
05:03could have one day
05:04one day
05:05could be an excellent
05:06news for them,
05:08because it could
05:08open new routes
05:09commerciales
05:10and transform
05:11entirely
05:12their economies.
05:13But not
05:14too quickly,
05:15we will not
05:16fall into the
05:176th ocean
05:18of Sito.
05:20The process
05:21of separation
05:21will take
05:22five to ten millions
05:23of years.
05:24It is difficult
05:25to tell exactly
05:26when this will happen,
05:27because big events
05:28like the
05:29tremblements
05:30of the earth
05:30could accelerate.
05:32So,
05:33here we know what
05:33we know.
05:34the
05:36Nubian
05:37are in the middle
05:37of a spectacular
05:38separation
05:39and slowly
05:40move along
05:41the other.
05:42Africa is
05:43divided by
05:43two.
05:44The earth will
05:45probably win a new
05:46océan
05:47because of this
05:47but just recently
05:48we didn't know
05:49what caused
05:51all this.
05:51Yes,
05:52these tectonic plates
05:53move.
05:53Why?
05:55Are they
05:55Is this gigantic geological process a for cause something that happens in the earth's mantle?
06:00Or could it have a much bigger and deeper source?
06:04Well, scientists think that they may have finally resolved the mystery.
06:08They believe that the continent is fractured by the presence of a deep panache,
06:13a huge huge rock rock located under the east-african rift.
06:19Representez-vous un énorme marteau souterrain poussant vers le haut, pressant contre la croûte et la fissurant lentement.
06:26Mais voici ce qui est intéressant.
06:27Les scientifiques sont parvenus à cette conclusion grâce à quelque chose qui s'est passé dans une partie du monde
06:33complètement différente, Hawaï.
06:36Sous cet état américain, il y a aussi un panache de roches super chaude qui s'élève des profondeurs de
06:41la planète.
06:42Il fait fondre la croûte au-dessus de lui et c'est ce qui alimente les volcans d'Hawaï.
06:46Au fur et à mesure que la plaque du Pacifique dérive au-dessus de ce panache,
06:50la roche en fusion perce de nouveaux endroits, créant volcan après volcan.
06:54Au cours de millions d'années, c'est ainsi que les îles hawaïennes se sont formées.
06:59Ce panache hawaïen contient des gaz nobles, comme l'hélium et le néon.
07:03Et vous savez où d'autres les scientifiques ont trouvé ces mêmes gaz ?
07:07Et oui, sous le système du rift est-africain. Bingo !
07:11Cette découverte a renforcé la théorie selon laquelle un super panache serait à l'origine de ce qui se passe
07:16en Afrique.
07:17Nous le qualifions de super, parce qu'il pourrait être gigantesque.
07:21Vous voyez, ces mêmes gaz ont été trouvés dans des roches volcaniques du Kenya, jusqu'au Malawi.
07:28Donc, tout indique l'existence d'un super panache unique qui s'étend de l'océan Indien jusqu'à la
07:33mer Rouge,
07:34et non pas d'une multitude de sources isolées.
07:38Si leurs données et recherches sont correctes, les scientifiques estiment que ce super panache sous l'Afrique commence probablement à
07:45la limite noyau-manteau,
07:46qui se situe à environ 2900 km de profondeur à l'intérieur de la Terre.
07:51Bien que les signatures chimiques du système du rift est-africain soient similaires à celles que l'on trouve dans
07:56les roches volcaniques d'Hawaii,
07:58elles ne sont pas identiques.
07:59On pense que le panache hawaïen est un courant étroit de manteaux chauds qui montent, un peu comme le mouvement
08:05à l'intérieur d'une lampe à lave.
08:07Le panache africain pourrait avoir une forme différente et ressembler davantage à une grande masse de matériaux chauds et flottants
08:13qui s'élèvent des profondeurs de la Terre.
08:15Lorsqu'il atteint la surface, ce matériau frappe la couche extérieure, qui est froide et solide,
08:20et se répand en poussant suffisamment fort pour la fissurer et déclencher une intense activité volcanique dans toute la région.
08:27Si cette théorie est correcte, nous sommes en présence d'une force lente, mais inarrêtable,
08:33qui redessinera la carte de l'Afrique et changera le continent à jamais.
08:36...
08:36...
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