00:09I was immersed in the student movement from the beginning of the 1970s.
00:14I studied in the College of Santa Librada, in Cali,
00:18more known as Santa Pedrada,
00:20and very famous for the poem that he dedicated J. Mario, the nadidista.
00:27Well, the College of Santa Librada was a herbivore of people,
00:31ideas,
00:33a herbivore of the political-military groups that were born
00:38and that were already advanced.
00:41There were people from the UN,
00:44people from the FARC,
00:45that were in that moment very strong.
00:48So that was a bit of the environment in which I studied.
00:53I studied a large part of the secondary and I graduated.
00:57There was a very famous event in 1971.
01:00The 26th of February was the cuspid of that student movement,
01:04where they killed a lot of students and people.
01:09It was a very intense moment all this in the government of Carlos Lleras Restrepo.
01:16I started with some groups maoists,
01:22marxistas-leninistas
01:24and we had a large group of young men
01:29called the Joven Guardia
01:30and we had many activities
01:32between semi-legals and clandestines,
01:36of propaganda.
01:37We were very proud of the groups of the guerrilla movement
01:42and those were like our activities.
01:48We published many things.
01:49We had a lot of propaganda clandestines
01:52and there was a moment in the year 73,
01:57if I am wrong,
01:57they were detained.
01:58But, well,
01:59that was sort of a way.
02:02The majority of the boys
02:04that were in that group,
02:07in the Joven Guardia,
02:07we passed the M-19
02:10in the year 74, 75.
02:15It was a first time in the year 78 or 79.
02:22We were joined by several people
02:25who were advancing some tasks.
02:28We were joined by some of the leaders
02:32of the M-19.
02:35There was Ivan Marino Ospina,
02:39there was Antonio Navarro
02:41who had also been a director
02:44of the University of the Valle
02:48and in that meeting
02:49also was Carlos Pizarro.
02:52Carlos Pizarro
02:54llamaba the attention
02:55for his youth,
02:56of course,
02:57but he was also a man
03:00of a pause,
03:03but, in some way,
03:05aguerrido.
03:06He didn't go back
03:07but, later on,
03:08in the year 85.
03:15In that state
03:16was Ivan Marino Ospina,
03:19Álvaro Fallad
03:19who was the first one,
03:21Ivan Marino Ospina,
03:23Carlos Pizarro
03:24who was the third one
03:25in order descendant,
03:28Gustavo Arias, Boris,
03:31and Antonio Navarro.
03:32Those five
03:33were the state
03:36of the superior
03:36command.
03:40Then,
03:41we went back to him
03:43after several years,
03:45because he left the country
03:47and then,
03:47I went to other activities
03:49and we met
03:51again in 1989
03:52in the campamento
03:54of Santo Domingo.
03:57there I was
03:58two,
04:00three days
04:00I was presenting
04:01a report
04:02of some activities
04:03with him,
04:04and
04:06always
04:07the same
04:08the same
04:09the same
04:09the same
04:10the same
04:11the same
04:12the same
04:13the same
04:13the same
04:16the same
04:16the same
04:16the same
04:17the same
04:18the same
04:18the same
04:19the same
04:19it as
04:23we do
04:23We were talking about several hours and the night we talked about, but it was more on the day that
04:30we were talking about.
04:33This was practically in the Christmas Eve of the year 1989.
04:42Then, in 1990, when already signed the M-19 Acuerdo, we had several opportunities to find ourselves before his death.
04:55When he died, in 1990, in April, we were planning his trip to Ecuador.
05:04He was going to make a tour in Latin America, where we had political relations with candidates of those countries,
05:14Ecuador, Perú, Bolivia,
05:16with personalities, political organizations.
05:20And the day that I knew of his death, I was in Ecuador organizing his arrival.
05:29We had, for example, already signed the invitation letters to some activities.
05:37This was the 26th of April of 1990.
05:42I was already there since the 1923 or 1924.
05:47And Carlos had to be in Quito more or less on the end of that month, the 30th of April,
05:54or something like that,
05:55he was going to go to Ecuador.
05:56So, I was going to do some activities, relations, to prepare a little bit of his arrival.
06:03After that, we were going to Perú and Bolivia.
06:07So, I was frustrated.
06:11I was frustrated.
06:12I was frustrated.
06:16I was in the first half of the morning.
06:21I was in a taxi to Ecuador, and the taxista said,
06:28And I said, there was a problem in his country again, because they killed another presidential candidate.
06:34And I said, what?
06:35And I said, what?
06:35I said, what?
06:36I said, what?
06:36I said, what?
06:37Well, I was the chief of guerrilla.
06:39Inmediatamente, I was going to go to who I was going to talk to them.
06:42I was going to go to the taxi to the congress, where I did a press,
06:48I called a media communication.
06:51I got to communicate with some presidents of Latin America,
06:56where we had been with him in Venezuela, a few months ago.
07:02and we moved voices of protest from from Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Venezuela,
07:12which also sent their delegations to their sepelium.
07:18The period in which Carlos was a comandante was a period where the M-19 was very reflexive.
07:24We had passed all the amargo of the toma of the Palacio of Justicia,
07:31the continuous death of some dirigentes.
07:33That is what Carlos assumed.
07:39He assumed that the M-19 was quite hit but persisted in the issue of peace.
07:46That is clear from his messages.
07:51All his messages have to do with that, with the search of peace.
07:55And it was quite, I would say, quite atrevid.
08:04Pizarro, he had a mandate from the M-19,
08:07but as comandante, he assumed the search of peace,
08:11the search of the negotiations with the government,
08:14with the Barco, basically.
08:17And the 10th of January of 1989,
08:21we are surprised by that Pizarro has signed a first agreement with Rafael Pardo
08:29in representation of the government.
08:31And in that agreement, practically,
08:34it is already a negotiation that leads to the mobilization of the M-19.
08:42It is a decision that he takes,
08:44but of course it is a decision that,
08:46inmediately,
08:48he avalates the direction and the movement of the M-19,
08:52and then it is going to be reaffirmed
08:54in the 9th conference that is made in the Cauca,
08:58in September or October of 1989,
09:03in the final of the agreements that are signed in March of 1990.
09:10We always thought and understood that there was a peace with dignity,
09:15we always thought that the peace had to lead to
09:19a substantial reforms in society.
09:24We were put in a political agreement
09:28that we were put in a political agreement,
09:29that was called the Pacto Político
09:31for the Peace and the Democracy,
09:32that was signed in November of 1990
09:35between the M-19, the Liberal Party and the Catholic Church,
09:40a political agreement that contemplated a series of reformas
09:45that had to be tramited in the Congress of the Republic,
09:48in the legislature that ended that year.
09:50And this,
09:53in some circumstances,
09:54in the Congress of the Republic,
09:55it was not able to include those reforms
09:59in what was legislated the Congress,
10:04but there were a lot of reforms that would be included in the Asamblea Nacional Constituyente
10:12of the year 1991.
10:14So,
10:15a large part of what the M-19 considered necessary
10:19as reformas of political order,
10:23as democratization of the national life,
10:26as participation of the Colombians,
10:29were included in the Asamblea Nacional Constituyente
10:33as temas of the Asamblea
10:35and as points specific that remained
10:37in the new Constitution of 1991.
10:40.
10:40.
10:40.
10:41.
10:41.
10:41.
10:41.
10:41.
10:41You
