- 1 year ago
Drafted in Philadelphia in 1787, the Constitution of the United States of America is the supreme law of the nation and one of the most influential documents in history.
https://www.youtube.com/@JosePenaCoto
0:00 Article 1. The Legislative Branch
15:06 Article 2. The Executive Branch
21:20 Article 3. The Judicial Branch
23:54 Article 4. The States
26:05 Article 5. Amendments
26:58 Article 6. Legal Status of the Constitution
27:59 Article 7. Ratification
It was created to replace the Articles of Confederation, a system that had proven too weak to manage the needs of the newly independent states. The framers sought to design a durable framework of government capable of balancing order and liberty, unity and independence, strength and restraint.
At its core, the Constitution establishes a federal republic in which authority is divided between the national government and the individual states. It outlines three distinct branches of government—legislative, executive, and judicial—each with defined powers and responsibilities. This separation of powers, along with a system of checks and balances, was designed to prevent the concentration of authority in any single branch and to ensure accountability.
The text opens with its famous Preamble, beginning with the words “We the People of the United States…”. This declaration asserts that sovereignty rests not with kings or distant authorities, but with the citizens themselves. The Preamble sets forth the guiding purposes of the new government: to form a more perfect union, establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty.
The main body of the Constitution is organized into seven articles. These articles address the structure and powers of Congress, the presidency, and the federal courts; define the relationship between states; outline the process of amendment; and establish the Constitution as the supreme law of the land. Notably, Article V provides a mechanism for amendment, allowing the Constitution to evolve and adapt over time while preserving its core principles.
In 1788, after vigorous debate, the Constitution was ratified by the states. However, many citizens feared that it did not adequately protect individual freedoms. To address these concerns, the first ten amendments—collectively known as the Bill of Rights—were adopted in 1791. These amendments guarantee essential liberties such as freedom of speech, religion, and the press; the right to a fair trial; and protections against unreasonable searches and punishments.
Over more than two centuries, the Constitution has been amended twenty-seven times. These amendments have abolished slavery, expanded voting rights, established direct election of senators, limited presidential terms, and clarified procedures of governance.
© 2025. José Peña Coto.
https://www.youtube.com/@JosePenaCoto
0:00 Article 1. The Legislative Branch
15:06 Article 2. The Executive Branch
21:20 Article 3. The Judicial Branch
23:54 Article 4. The States
26:05 Article 5. Amendments
26:58 Article 6. Legal Status of the Constitution
27:59 Article 7. Ratification
It was created to replace the Articles of Confederation, a system that had proven too weak to manage the needs of the newly independent states. The framers sought to design a durable framework of government capable of balancing order and liberty, unity and independence, strength and restraint.
At its core, the Constitution establishes a federal republic in which authority is divided between the national government and the individual states. It outlines three distinct branches of government—legislative, executive, and judicial—each with defined powers and responsibilities. This separation of powers, along with a system of checks and balances, was designed to prevent the concentration of authority in any single branch and to ensure accountability.
The text opens with its famous Preamble, beginning with the words “We the People of the United States…”. This declaration asserts that sovereignty rests not with kings or distant authorities, but with the citizens themselves. The Preamble sets forth the guiding purposes of the new government: to form a more perfect union, establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty.
The main body of the Constitution is organized into seven articles. These articles address the structure and powers of Congress, the presidency, and the federal courts; define the relationship between states; outline the process of amendment; and establish the Constitution as the supreme law of the land. Notably, Article V provides a mechanism for amendment, allowing the Constitution to evolve and adapt over time while preserving its core principles.
In 1788, after vigorous debate, the Constitution was ratified by the states. However, many citizens feared that it did not adequately protect individual freedoms. To address these concerns, the first ten amendments—collectively known as the Bill of Rights—were adopted in 1791. These amendments guarantee essential liberties such as freedom of speech, religion, and the press; the right to a fair trial; and protections against unreasonable searches and punishments.
Over more than two centuries, the Constitution has been amended twenty-seven times. These amendments have abolished slavery, expanded voting rights, established direct election of senators, limited presidential terms, and clarified procedures of governance.
© 2025. José Peña Coto.
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LearningTranscript
00:00The Constitution of the United States of America
00:02We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice,
00:10ensure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare,
00:16and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this
00:22Constitution for the United States of America.
00:26Article 1, Section 1
00:28All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States,
00:34which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.
00:38Section 2
00:39The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several States,
00:46and the electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State Legislature.
00:54No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-five years,
01:00and been seven years a citizen of the United States,
01:04and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.
01:09Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union,
01:15according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons,
01:22including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons.
01:31The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States,
01:36and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct.
01:44The number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand,
01:48but each State shall have at least one Representative,
01:52and until such enumeration shall be made,
01:54the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three,
01:57When vacancies happen in the representation from any State,
02:19the executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies.
02:25The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other officers,
02:31and shall have the sole power of impeachment.
02:34Section 3
02:35The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State,
02:41chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six years,
02:44and each Senator shall have one vote.
02:47Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election,
02:51they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes.
02:56The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year,
03:02of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year,
03:06and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year,
03:09so that one-third may be chosen every second year.
03:13And if vacancies happen by resignation, or otherwise,
03:17during the recess of the Legislature of any State,
03:20the Executive thereof may make temporary appointments
03:22until the next meeting of the Legislature,
03:25which shall then fill such vacancies.
03:27No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years,
03:33and been nine years a citizen of the United States,
03:36and who shall not, when elected,
03:38be an inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.
03:42The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of the Senate,
03:46but shall have no vote,
03:48unless they be equally divided.
03:51The Senate shall choose their other officers,
03:53and also a President pro tempore,
03:56in the absence of the Vice-President,
03:59or when he shall exercise the office of President of the United States.
04:03The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments.
04:08When sitting for that purpose,
04:10they shall be on oath or affirmation.
04:13When the President of the United States is tried,
04:15the Chief Justice shall preside,
04:18and no person shall be convicted
04:19without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present.
04:23Judgment in cases of impeachment
04:25shall not extend further than to removal from office,
04:29and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor,
04:34trust, or profit under the United States.
04:37But the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable,
04:41and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and punishment,
04:45according to law.
04:46Section 4
04:48The times, places, and manner of holding elections
04:52for Senators and Representatives
04:54shall be prescribed in each State
04:56by the Legislature thereof,
04:58but the Congress may at any time by law
05:01make or alter such regulations,
05:04except as to the places of choosing Senators.
05:07The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year,
05:10and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December,
05:14unless they shall, by law, appoint a different day.
05:18Section 5
05:19Each House shall be the judge of the elections,
05:22returns, and qualifications of its own members,
05:25and a majority of each
05:26shall constitute a quorum to do business.
05:29But a smaller number may adjourn from day to day,
05:32and may be authorized
05:33to compel the attendance of absent members,
05:36in such manner, and under such penalties,
05:38as each House may provide.
05:41Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings,
05:44punish its members for disorderly behavior,
05:47and with the concurrence of two-thirds
05:50expel a member.
05:52Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings,
05:55and from time to time publish the same,
05:58accepting such parts as may, in their judgment,
06:01require secrecy,
06:02and the yeas and nays of the members of either House
06:05on any question shall,
06:07at the desire of one-fifth of those present,
06:09be entered on the journal.
06:11Neither House,
06:13during the session of Congress,
06:14shall, without the consent of the other,
06:17adjourn for more than three days,
06:19nor to any other place
06:20than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting.
06:25Section 6
06:25The Senators and Representatives
06:27shall receive a compensation for their services,
06:30to be ascertained by law,
06:32and paid out of the Treasury of the United States.
06:36They shall, in all cases,
06:38except treason, felony,
06:41and breach of the peace,
06:42be privileged from arrest
06:43during their attendance
06:44at the session of their respective Houses,
06:47and in going to and returning from the same.
06:50And for any speech or debate in either House,
06:54they shall not be questioned in any other place.
06:56No Senator or Representative
06:58shall,
07:00during the time for which he was elected,
07:02be appointed to any civil office
07:04under the authority of the United States,
07:07which shall have been created,
07:09or the emoluments whereof
07:11shall have been increased during such time.
07:14And no person holding any office
07:16under the United States
07:17shall be a member of either House
07:19during his continuance in office.
07:22Section 7
07:23All bills for raising revenue
07:25shall originate in the House of Representatives,
07:28but the Senate may propose
07:30or concur with amendments
07:31as on other bills.
07:33Every bill which shall have passed
07:35the House of Representatives
07:36and the Senate
07:37shall, before it become a law,
07:40be presented to the President
07:41of the United States.
07:43If he approve,
07:44he shall sign it,
07:45but if not,
07:45he shall return it,
07:47with his objections to that House
07:48in which it shall have originated.
07:51Who shall enter the objections
07:52at large on their journal
07:53and proceed to reconsider it?
07:56If after such reconsideration
07:58two-thirds of that House
08:00shall agree to pass the bill,
08:02it shall be sent,
08:03together with the objections,
08:04to the other House,
08:06by which it shall likewise
08:07be reconsidered.
08:09And if approved
08:10by two-thirds of that House,
08:11it shall become a law.
08:13But in all such cases
08:15the votes of both Houses
08:16shall be determined
08:17by yeas and nays,
08:19and the names of the persons
08:20voting for and against the bill
08:22shall be entered
08:23on the journal
08:24of each House respectively.
08:26If any bill
08:27shall not be returned
08:28by the President
08:28within ten days,
08:30Sundays accepted,
08:31after it shall have been
08:32presented to him,
08:34the same shall be a law,
08:36in like manner
08:36as if he had signed it,
08:38unless the Congress,
08:39by their adjournment,
08:41prevent its return,
08:42in which case
08:43it shall not be a law.
08:44Every order,
08:47resolution,
08:48or vote
08:49to which the concurrence
08:50of the Senate
08:50and House of Representatives
08:52may be necessary,
08:54except on a question
08:56of adjournment,
08:57shall be presented
08:58to the President
08:59of the United States,
09:00and before the same
09:01shall take effect,
09:02shall be approved by him,
09:04or being disapproved by him,
09:06shall be repassed
09:07by two-thirds
09:07of the Senate
09:08and House of Representatives,
09:10according to the rules
09:11and limitations
09:11prescribed in the case
09:13of a bill.
09:14Section 8.
09:15The Congress
09:16shall have power
09:17to lay and collect
09:18taxes,
09:19duties,
09:20imposts,
09:21and excises,
09:22to pay the debts
09:23and provide for
09:24the common defense
09:24and general welfare
09:26of the United States.
09:27But all duties,
09:29imposts,
09:30and excises
09:30shall be uniform
09:31throughout the United States,
09:33to borrow money
09:34on the credit
09:35of the United States,
09:36to regulate commerce
09:37with foreign nations,
09:39and among the several states,
09:41and with the Indian tribes,
09:42to establish
09:43a uniform rule
09:44of naturalization
09:45and uniform laws
09:47on the subject
09:47of bankruptcies
09:48throughout the United States,
09:50to coin money,
09:52regulate the value thereof,
09:54and a foreign coin,
09:56and fix the standard
09:57of weights and measures,
09:59to provide for the punishment
10:00of counterfeiting
10:01the securities
10:02and current coin
10:03of the United States,
10:04to establish
10:05post offices
10:06and post roads,
10:07to promote the progress
10:08of science
10:09and useful arts,
10:10by securing,
10:11for limited times,
10:12to authors
10:13and inventors,
10:14the exclusive right
10:15to their respective
10:16writings and discoveries,
10:18to constitute
10:19tribunals inferior
10:21to the Supreme Court,
10:22to define and punish
10:24piracies and felonies
10:25committed on the high seas,
10:27and offenses against
10:28the law of nations,
10:30to declare war,
10:31grant letters of mark
10:33and reprisal,
10:34and make rules
10:35concerning captures
10:36on land and water,
10:38to raise and support armies,
10:40but no appropriation
10:41of money to that use
10:43shall be for a longer term
10:44than two years,
10:46to provide and maintain
10:48a navy,
10:49to make rules
10:50for the government
10:50and regulation
10:51of the land
10:52and naval forces,
10:54to provide for calling forth
10:56the militia
10:57to execute the laws
10:58of the Union,
10:59suppress insurrections
11:01and repel invasions,
11:02to provide for organizing,
11:05arming and disciplining
11:06the militia,
11:08and for governing
11:08such part of them
11:09as may be employed
11:10in the service
11:11of the United States,
11:13reserving to the states
11:14respectively,
11:15the appointment
11:16of the officers,
11:17and the authority
11:18of training the militia
11:19according to the discipline
11:20prescribed by Congress,
11:22to exercise exclusive
11:23legislation
11:24in all cases whatsoever,
11:26over such district
11:27not exceeding
11:29ten miles square,
11:30as may by session
11:31of particular states,
11:33and the acceptance
11:34of Congress,
11:35become the seat
11:36of the government
11:36of the United States,
11:38and to exercise
11:39like authority
11:40over all places
11:41purchased by the consent
11:43of the legislature
11:43of the state,
11:44in which the same
11:45shall be
11:46for the erection
11:47of forts,
11:48magazines,
11:49arsenals,
11:50dockyards,
11:51and other needful buildings,
11:52and
11:52to make all laws
11:54which shall be necessary
11:55and proper
11:56for carrying
11:57into execution
11:58the foregoing powers,
12:00and all other powers
12:01vested by this constitution
12:03in the government
12:04of the United States,
12:06or in any department
12:07or officer thereof.
12:09Section 9.
12:10The migration
12:11or importation
12:12of such persons
12:13as any of the states
12:14now existing
12:15shall think proper
12:16to admit,
12:17shall not be prohibited
12:18by the Congress,
12:19prior to the year
12:201808,
12:23but a tax or duty
12:24may be imposed
12:25on such importation,
12:27not exceeding
12:28ten dollars
12:29for each person.
12:31The privilege
12:31of the writ
12:32of habeas corpus
12:33shall not be suspended,
12:35unless when in cases
12:36of rebellion
12:37or invasion
12:38the public safety
12:39may require it.
12:41No bill of attainder
12:42or ex post facto law
12:44shall be passed.
12:46No capitation
12:47or other direct
12:48tax shall be laid,
12:50unless in proportion
12:51to the census
12:51or enumeration herein
12:53before directed
12:54to be taken.
12:55No tax or duty
12:57shall be laid
12:58on articles exported
12:59from any state.
13:00No preference
13:01shall be given
13:02by any regulation
13:03of commerce
13:04or revenue
13:04to the ports
13:05of one state
13:06over those of another.
13:08Nor shall vessels
13:10bound to
13:10or from
13:11one state
13:12be obliged
13:13to enter,
13:15clear,
13:15or pay duties
13:17in another.
13:18No money
13:19shall be drawn
13:19from the treasury,
13:21but in consequence
13:22of appropriations
13:23made by law,
13:25and a regular statement
13:26and account
13:27of the receipts
13:27and expenditures
13:28of all public money
13:30shall be published
13:31from time to time.
13:32No title of nobility
13:34shall be granted
13:35by the United States,
13:36and no person
13:37holding any office
13:38of profit
13:39or trust under them
13:40shall,
13:41without the consent
13:42of the Congress,
13:43accept of any present,
13:45emolument,
13:46office or title,
13:47of any kind whatever,
13:49from any king,
13:50prince,
13:50or foreign state.
13:52Section 10
13:53No state shall enter
13:55into any treaty,
13:56alliance,
13:57or confederation.
13:58Grant letters of mark
14:00and reprisal.
14:01Coin money.
14:02Emit bills of credit.
14:04Make anything
14:04but gold and silver.
14:06Coin a tender
14:07in payment of debts.
14:08Pass any bill
14:09of attainder,
14:10ex post facto law,
14:12or law impairing
14:13the obligation of contracts,
14:14or grant any title
14:15of nobility.
14:16No state shall,
14:18without the consent
14:19of the Congress,
14:20lay any imposts
14:21or duties
14:22on imports or exports,
14:24except what may be
14:25absolutely necessary
14:26for executing
14:27its inspection laws.
14:29And the net produce
14:30of all duties
14:31and imposts,
14:32laid by any state
14:33on imports or exports,
14:35shall be for the use
14:36of the Treasury
14:36of the United States.
14:38And all such laws
14:39shall be subject
14:40to the revision
14:41and control
14:42of the Congress.
14:44No state shall,
14:45without the consent
14:46of Congress,
14:47lay any duty
14:48of tonnage,
14:49keep troops
14:50or ships of war
14:51in time of peace,
14:53enter into any agreement
14:54or compact
14:55with another state,
14:57or with a foreign power,
14:59or engage in war,
15:00unless actually invaded,
15:02or in such imminent danger
15:03as will not admit
15:05of delay.
15:06Article 2.
15:08Section 1.
15:09The executive power
15:10shall be vested
15:11in a President
15:12of the United States
15:13of America.
15:14He shall hold his office
15:15during the term
15:16of four years,
15:17and together
15:18with the Vice President
15:19chosen for the same term
15:20be elected as follows.
15:23Each state shall appoint,
15:25in such manner
15:25as the legislature
15:26thereof may direct,
15:28a number of electors,
15:30equal to the whole number
15:31of senators
15:31and representatives
15:32to which the state
15:33may be entitled
15:34in the Congress.
15:36But no senator
15:37or representative,
15:38or person holding
15:39an office of trust
15:40or profit under
15:41the United States,
15:43shall be appointed
15:43an elector.
15:45The electors shall meet
15:46in their respective states
15:47and vote by ballot
15:48for two persons,
15:50of whom one at least
15:51shall not be an inhabitant
15:53of the same state
15:54with themselves.
15:55And they shall make
15:56a list of all
15:57the persons voted for,
15:58and of the number
15:59of votes for each,
16:01which list they shall
16:02sign and certify,
16:03and transmit sealed
16:04to the seat of the Government
16:06of the United States,
16:07directed to the President
16:08of the Senate.
16:09The President of the Senate
16:11shall,
16:12in the presence of the Senate
16:13and House of Representatives,
16:15open all the certificates,
16:16and the votes
16:17shall then be counted.
16:19The person having
16:20the greatest number
16:21of votes
16:22shall be the President,
16:23if such number
16:24be a majority
16:25of the whole number
16:26of electors appointed.
16:27And if there be more
16:28than one who have
16:29such majority,
16:30and have an equal
16:31number of votes,
16:32then the House
16:33of Representatives
16:34shall immediately
16:35choose by ballot
16:36one of them
16:36for President.
16:37And if no person
16:39have a majority,
16:40then from the five
16:41highest on the list,
16:42the said House
16:43shall in like manner
16:44choose the President.
16:46But in choosing
16:47the President,
16:48the votes
16:48shall be taken
16:49by States,
16:50the representation
16:51from each State
16:52having one vote.
16:54A quorum
16:55for this purpose
16:55shall consist
16:56of a member
16:57or members
16:58from two-thirds
16:59of the States,
17:00and a majority
17:00of all the States
17:01shall be necessary
17:02to a choice.
17:03In every case,
17:06after the choice
17:06of the President,
17:07the person
17:08having the greatest
17:09number of votes
17:10of the electors
17:10shall be the Vice-President.
17:12But if there should
17:13remain two or more
17:14who have equal votes,
17:16the Senate shall choose
17:17from them by ballot
17:18the Vice-President.
17:20The Congress
17:20may determine
17:21the time
17:21of choosing
17:22the electors
17:23and the day
17:24on which they
17:25shall give their votes,
17:26which day
17:27shall be the same
17:27throughout the United States.
17:30No person
17:30except a natural-born citizen
17:32or a citizen
17:33of the United States
17:34at the time
17:35of the adoption
17:36of this Constitution
17:37shall be eligible
17:38to the office
17:39of President.
17:41Neither shall any person
17:42be eligible
17:43to that office
17:44who shall not
17:45have attained
17:45to the age
17:46of thirty-five years
17:47and been fourteen years
17:49a resident
17:49within the United States.
17:52In case of the removal
17:53of the President
17:54from office
17:55or of his death,
17:56resignation
17:57or inability
17:58to discharge
17:59the powers
17:59and duties
18:00of the said office,
18:01the same
18:02shall devolve
18:03on the Vice-President
18:04and the Congress
18:05may by law
18:06provide for the case
18:07of removal,
18:08death,
18:09resignation
18:10or inability
18:11both of the President
18:12and Vice-President,
18:14declaring
18:15what officer
18:16shall then
18:17act as President
18:17and such officer
18:19shall act accordingly
18:20until the disability
18:22be removed
18:22or a President
18:24shall be elected.
18:26The President
18:27shall at stated times
18:28receive for his services
18:30a compensation
18:31which shall neither
18:33be increased
18:33nor diminished
18:34during the period
18:35for which he shall
18:36have been elected
18:37and he shall not
18:38receive within that period
18:40any other emolument
18:41from the United States
18:43or any of them.
18:45Before he enter
18:46on the execution
18:47of his office
18:47he shall take
18:48the following oath
18:49or affirmation.
18:51I do solemnly swear
18:52or affirm
18:53that I will faithfully
18:55execute
18:55the office of President
18:56of the United States
18:57and will to the best
18:59of my ability
19:00preserve,
19:01protect and defend
19:02the Constitution
19:03of the United States.
19:05Section 2
19:06The President
19:07shall be Commander-in-Chief
19:08of the Army
19:09and Navy
19:09of the United States
19:10and of the Militia
19:12of the Several States
19:13when called
19:14into the actual service
19:15of the United States.
19:17He may require
19:18the opinion
19:18in writing
19:19of the Principal Officer
19:20in each
19:21of the Executive Departments
19:22upon any subject
19:24relating to the duties
19:25of their respective offices
19:26and he shall have power
19:28to grant reprieves
19:29and pardons
19:30for offences
19:30against the United States
19:32except in cases
19:33of impeachment.
19:35He shall have power
19:36by and with
19:37the advice
19:37and consent
19:38of the Senate
19:39to make treaties
19:40provided two-thirds
19:42of the Senators
19:42present concur
19:43and he shall nominate
19:45and by and with
19:47the advice
19:47and consent
19:48of the Senate
19:48shall appoint
19:50ambassadors
19:50other public ministers
19:52and consuls
19:52judges
19:53of the Supreme Court
19:54and all other officers
19:56of the United States
19:57whose appointments
19:58are not herein
20:00otherwise provided for
20:01and which shall be
20:02established by law
20:03but the Congress
20:05may by law
20:06vest the appointment
20:07of such inferior officers
20:09as they think proper
20:10in the President alone
20:12in the courts of law
20:13or in the heads
20:14of departments.
20:15The President
20:16shall have power
20:17to fill up
20:18all vacancies
20:19that may happen
20:20during the recess
20:21of the Senate
20:22by granting commissions
20:24which shall expire
20:25at the end
20:26of their next session.
20:29Section 3
20:29He shall from time
20:31to time
20:32give to the Congress
20:33information
20:34of the State
20:35of the Union
20:35and recommend
20:37to their consideration
20:38such measures
20:39as he shall judge
20:40necessary
20:41and expedient.
20:43He may
20:43on extraordinary occasions
20:44convene both houses
20:46or either of them
20:47and in case of disagreement
20:49between them
20:50with respect
20:51to the time
20:51of adjournment
20:52he may adjourn them
20:53to such time
20:54as he shall think proper
20:55he shall receive ambassadors
20:57and other public ministers
20:58he shall take care
21:00that the laws
21:01be faithfully executed
21:02and shall commission
21:03all the officers
21:04of the United States.
21:07Section 4
21:08The President
21:09Vice President
21:10and all civil officers
21:11of the United States
21:12shall be removed
21:13from office
21:14on impeachment for
21:15and conviction of
21:16treason
21:17bribery
21:17or other high crimes
21:19and misdemeanors.
21:20Article 3
21:21Section 1
21:22The judicial power
21:24of the United States
21:25shall be vested
21:26in one Supreme Court
21:27and in such inferior courts
21:29as the Congress
21:30may from time to time
21:31ordain and establish.
21:34The judges
21:34both of the Supreme
21:35and inferior courts
21:37shall hold their offices
21:38during good behaviour
21:39and shall
21:40at stated times
21:41receive for their services
21:43a compensation
21:44which shall not be diminished
21:46during their continuance
21:47in office.
21:48Section 2
21:49The judicial power
21:50shall extend
21:51to all cases
21:52in law and equity
21:54arising under this constitution
21:56the laws of the United States
21:58and treaties made
21:59or which shall be made
22:01under their authority
22:02to all cases
22:04affecting ambassadors
22:05other public ministers
22:06and consuls
22:07to all cases
22:08of admiralty
22:09and maritime jurisdiction
22:11to controversies
22:12to controversies
22:12to which the United States
22:14shall be a party
22:15to controversies
22:16between two or more states
22:18between a state
22:19and citizens
22:20of another state
22:21between citizens
22:22of different states
22:23between citizens
22:24of the same state
22:26claiming lands
22:27under grants
22:27of different states
22:28and between a state
22:30or the citizens thereof
22:32and foreign states
22:33citizens
22:34or subjects
22:35in all cases
22:36affecting ambassadors
22:38other public ministers
22:39and consuls
22:40and those in which
22:41a state shall be party
22:42the Supreme Court
22:44shall have original jurisdiction
22:46in all the other cases
22:48before mentioned
22:48the Supreme Court
22:50shall have appellate jurisdiction
22:51both as to law
22:53and fact
22:53with such exceptions
22:55and under such regulations
22:57as the Congress
22:58shall make
22:58the trial
23:00of all crimes
23:01except in cases
23:03of impeachment
23:03shall be by jury
23:05and such trial
23:06shall be held
23:07in the state
23:08where the said crimes
23:09shall have been committed
23:10but when not committed
23:12within any state
23:13the trial
23:14shall be at such
23:15place or places
23:17as the Congress
23:18may by law
23:18have directed
23:19section 3
23:21treason
23:22against the United States
23:24shall consist
23:25only in levying war
23:26against them
23:27or in adhering
23:28to their enemies
23:29giving them aid
23:30and comfort
23:31no person
23:33shall be convicted
23:34of treason
23:34unless on the testimony
23:36of two witnesses
23:37to the same overt act
23:39or on confession
23:40in open court
23:41the Congress
23:42shall have power
23:43to declare
23:43the punishment
23:44of treason
23:44but no attainder
23:46of treason
23:46shall work
23:47corruption of blood
23:48or forfeiture
23:50except during
23:51the life
23:52of the person
23:52attainted
23:53article 4
23:55section 1
23:57full faith
23:58and credit
23:58shall be given
23:59in each state
24:00to the public acts
24:01records
24:02and judicial proceedings
24:03of every other state
24:04and the Congress
24:06may by general laws
24:07prescribe the manner
24:08in which such acts
24:09records
24:10and proceedings
24:11shall be proved
24:11and the effect thereof
24:13section 2
24:14the citizens
24:16of each state
24:17shall be entitled
24:18to all privileges
24:19and immunities
24:19of citizens
24:20in the several states
24:21a person charged
24:23in any state
24:24with treason
24:25felony
24:25or other crime
24:26who shall flee
24:28from justice
24:28and be found
24:29in another state
24:30shall on demand
24:32of the executive
24:33authority
24:33of the state
24:34from which he fled
24:35be delivered up
24:37to be removed
24:38to the state
24:38having jurisdiction
24:39of the crime
24:40no person
24:42held to service
24:43or labor
24:43in one state
24:44under the laws
24:46thereof
24:46escaping into another
24:48shall
24:49in consequence
24:50of any law
24:51or regulation
24:51therein
24:52be discharged
24:53from such service
24:55or labor
24:55but shall be delivered up
24:57on claim
24:58of the party
24:59to whom such service
25:00or labor
25:01may be due
25:01section 3
25:03new states
25:04may be admitted
25:05by the Congress
25:06into this union
25:07but no new states
25:09shall be formed
25:10or erected
25:11within the jurisdiction
25:12of any other state
25:13nor any state
25:15be formed
25:16by the junction
25:16of two
25:17or more states
25:18or parts of states
25:20without the consent
25:21of the legislatures
25:22of the states
25:22concerned
25:23as well
25:24as of the Congress
25:25the Congress
25:26shall have power
25:28to dispose of
25:29and make
25:29all needful rules
25:31and regulations
25:32respecting the territory
25:34or other property
25:35belonging
25:36to the United States
25:37and nothing
25:38in this constitution
25:39shall be so construed
25:41as to prejudice
25:42any claims
25:43of the United States
25:44or of any particular state
25:46section 4
25:47the United States
25:49shall guarantee
25:50to every state
25:51in this union
25:52a republican form
25:53of government
25:53and shall protect
25:55each of them
25:55against invasion
25:56and on application
25:58of the legislature
25:59or of the executive
26:00when the legislature
26:01cannot be convened
26:02against domestic violence
26:04article 5
26:06the Congress
26:08whenever two-thirds
26:09of both houses
26:10shall deem it necessary
26:11shall propose amendments
26:13to this constitution
26:14or on the application
26:16of the legislatures
26:17of two-thirds
26:18of the several states
26:19shall call a convention
26:20for proposing amendments
26:22which in either case
26:23shall be valid
26:24to all intents
26:25and purposes
26:25as part of this constitution
26:27when ratified
26:29by the legislatures
26:30of three-fourths
26:31of the several states
26:32or by conventions
26:34in three-fourths
26:35thereof
26:35as the one
26:36or the other
26:37mode of ratification
26:38may be proposed
26:39by the Congress
26:40provided that no amendment
26:42which may be made
26:43prior to the year
26:441808
26:46shall in any manner
26:47affect the first
26:48and fourth clauses
26:49in the ninth section
26:50of the first article
26:51and that no state
26:53without its consent
26:54shall be deprived
26:56of its equal suffrage
26:57in the Senate
26:57article 6
26:59all debts contracted
27:01and engagements
27:02entered into
27:03before the adoption
27:04of this constitution
27:05shall be as valid
27:06against the United States
27:07under this constitution
27:08as under the Confederation
27:10this constitution
27:12and the laws
27:13of the United States
27:14which shall be made
27:15in pursuance thereof
27:16and all treaties made
27:18or which shall be made
27:20under the authority
27:21of the United States
27:22shall be the supreme law
27:25of the land
27:25and the judges
27:26in every state
27:27shall be bound thereby
27:28anything in the constitution
27:30or laws of any state
27:32to the contrary
27:33notwithstanding
27:34the senators
27:36and representatives
27:37before mentioned
27:37and the members
27:39of the several
27:39state legislatures
27:40and all executive
27:42and judicial officers
27:43both of the United States
27:45and of the several states
27:46shall be bound
27:47by oath
27:48or affirmation
27:49to support
27:49this constitution
27:50but no religious test
27:52shall ever be required
27:54as a qualification
27:55to any office
27:56or public trust
27:57under the United States
27:58article 7
28:00the ratification
28:02of the conventions
28:03of nine states
28:04shall be sufficient
28:05for the establishment
28:06of this constitution
28:07between the states
28:08so ratifying the same
28:10done in convention
28:11by the unanimous
28:12consent of the states
28:13present the 17th day
28:16of September
28:17in the year
28:18of our Lord
28:191787
28:22and of the independence
28:24of the United States
28:26of America
28:26the 12th
28:27in witness whereof
28:29we have hereunto
28:31subscribed our names
28:32George Washington
28:34President and Deputy
28:35from Virginia
28:46thegrade
28:49to the two
28:50of the nations
28:51on the timeline
28:52and December
28:53we have to
28:56not to
28:56speak of
28:59drink
29:00this
29:01is
29:02what
29:02are the
29:03who
29:04are the
29:06who
29:07are the
29:09who
29:09are going
29:10to
29:10call
29:10to