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Nel distretto di Kono, in Sierra Leone, nel 2017 è stato scoperto uno dei venti diamanti più grandi al mondo. Questa ricchezza però non va a favore delle comunità locali, che restano tra le più vulnerabili e povere, racconta ActionAid Italia . Camminando tra le miniere a cielo aperto, la presenza di molti bambini e bambine impegnati nel lavoro accanto ai genitori è uno scenario comune. Tutti alla disperata ricerca di diamanti nei terreni sfruttati dalle grandi compagnie internazionali che, una volta esaurite le risorse, abbandonano il territorio lasciando alle comunità solo cumuli di terra dove, se si è fortunati, rimane ancora qualche piccolo frammento di diamante di basso valore.

Secondo l’Organizzazione Internazionale del Lavoro, un milione di bambini a livello globale è impiegato nelle miniere], e sebbene sia difficile stimare esattamente il fenomeno in Sierra Leone, una visita in loco ne rivela la portata: sono migliaia i minori coinvolti.

In questo video, Neneh, oggi 16enne, racconta come ha trascorso gran parte della sua infanzia in queste miniere. «Dopo la scuola andavo a dare una mano a mio padre. Scavavamo e trasportavamo secchi di terra in cerca di diamanti. Noi bambini spesso portavamo anche i secchi più pesanti. Restavamo lì fino alle cinque o sei di sera, e alla fine mio padre ci dava qualche soldo per tornare a casa e preparare da mangiare. Non avevamo abbastanza cibo e non riuscivamo a concentrarci bene a scuola. Anche se trovavamo un diamante, non ci davano soldi, ma solo materiale scolastico e vestiti nuovi. Non ero felice di andare nelle miniere, ma non potevo rifiutarmi».

[idarticle id="2398134" title="''Monsoon brides'', aumentano le spose bambine a causa del cambiamento climatico"]
Il lavoro minorile in Sierra Leone
Sebbene il Parlamento della Sierra Leone abbia approvato il Mines and Minerals Development Act, con l’obiettivo di migliorare il benessere delle comunità coinvolte nelle attività minerarie e promuovere una gestione più trasparente del settore, il lavoro minorile nelle miniere continua a essere una piaga diffusa. Le condizioni fisiche a cui sono sottoposti, come il trasporto quotidiano di sacchi pesanti, mettono a rischio la loro salute, esponendoli a malattie muscolari, incidenti e traumi psicologici che compromettono il loro sviluppo e la possibilità di accedere all’istruzione e completare il ciclo di studi.

[idarticle id="2371500" title="Svolta storica in Sierra Leone: stop alle spose bambine. La legge voluta dalla First Lady Fatima Bio"]

«Sono triste quando vedo i miei coetanei in miniera, perché penso a cosa ho passato. Le bambine che non vanno nemmeno a scuola spesso finiscono per rimanere incinte senza nessuno che si prenda cura di loro. Ho un'amica che lavora nelle miniere, vive con suo zio ma viene maltrattata. Quando siamo a scuola a volte lascia la classe per andare a lavorare nelle miniere. Prende la sua pala e il secchio e va, per guadagnarsi da vivere. Sta lottando ma non ha nessuno che la aiuti» racconta Neneh.
Povertà e sfruttamento delle bambine
l distretto di Kono, al confine con la Liberia, è stato uno dei teatri della guerra civile che ha devastato il Paese tra il 1991 e il 2002, causato la morte di almeno 70mila persone e oltre 2 milioni di sfollati. Fu durante quel conflitto che il mondo scoprì il dramma dei bambini-soldato e il legame tra i minerali preziosi - i cosiddetti diamanti insanguinati - e la guerra. A conflitto concluso, la distruzione di scuole, ospedali e strade ha reso difficile la ripresa e la Sierra Leone resta uno dei Paesi più poveri al mondo.

[idarticle id="2295760" title="La fame nel mondo colpisce di più donne e bambine: raddoppiato il divario di genere"]

Le ragazze sono particolarmente vulnerabili. La mancanza di accesso all'istruzione e le pratiche come il matrimonio precoce o forzato aggravano ulteriormente la loro situazione. In Sierra Leone il 21% delle adolescenti tra i 15 e i 19 anni ha già avuto gravidanze e il 30% delle giovani si sposa prima dei 18° anni. Il 9% ha addirittura contratto matrimonio prima dei 15 anni. Nonostante il Presidente Julius Maada Bio abbia firmato nel luglio 2024 una legge che vieta il matrimonio infantile, con pene che includono multe e carcere per i trasgressori, resta la sfida nell'educare e sensibilizzare le comunità.

[idarticle id="2230651" title="Theresa Kachindamoto, la capotribu in Malawi che salva le spose bambine"]

Come sottolinea Desmond Carney, responsabile regionale di ActionAid nell’area di Kono «il nostro compito principale resta quello di sensibilizzare le comunità. Il problema dei matrimoni precoci come quello del lavoro minorile è una questione seria nel nostro Paese. Sebbene esistano leggi che li vietano, la mancanza di consapevolezza e di conos...

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00:00Ok, mi sono Nene Mara, da Bandafai, e mi sono 16 anni.
00:10Well, in Dante, a the girls school from Bandafai, and really the struggle.
00:19Though actione didn't come with help.
00:22Well, before I go for that, mi daddy no get no mining in the do, and mi mamma myself no get.
00:36So, when mi daddy don't decide for do mining, we all can go for the fallara, for no go do the mining, for no go do the game living.
00:46Sometime I come in a school, and we can pull the uniform there, under the cedar, with the fallara in a bush.
00:58So, when we go to me, they don't look.
01:02When they don't trip, they don't pull the duty, let them get the diamond.
01:08Then, they do pass buckets.
01:10Sometimes, we can help, or we don't touch every load, for go to another day, what can site.
01:22So, that's all, we go through a lot of struggle.
01:27For the commoner school, where we can, we don't eat better food.
01:31We go in a bush.
01:33Then we go back, we don't go sit down.
01:35We can do, maybe, if we don't take five to six o'clock.
01:41Our daddy can give my mamma money now.
01:45We can make food for me.
01:47So, today, that's all the awful, calm, not us.
01:51For all we can eat, we don't have to study.
01:55And we don't have to do well in our school.
01:58So, when we go to school, we don't feel happy.
02:06Because we don't want to teach them how we can get a sufficient lunch.
02:11And we don't have to do well in our school.
02:13And they don't get daimo. If they get, they don't give me money. But they cook.
02:28Sono stati tende do di no se upegando da donge daimo.
02:33Dele kukbo kuresna o skuk fan plasas.
02:37We eat.
02:39By for school materiale e new clothes de.
02:42We pinosè bette donka.
02:46An actione den don detri.
02:48From actione begini support me now.
02:54Mi daddy left for go to na mine now.
02:57Upe de de na os.
03:01We leti can provide for me.
03:03We school materiale e.
03:05So we left for follow daddy den ademani na upe de de na os.
03:10We we come on a school now.
03:12We can just ka embruku uniform.
03:14Help u mama fo do afafo kre.
03:17And don don.
03:19And we te me ekba ka.
03:20Left that village wana bandafai.
03:23Akande ya to me sister.
03:24The place far three mile away.
03:29From bandafai for go yengema.
03:32So na dat me ekba decide fa kande ya wati me sister.
03:35Aga de go na school.
03:38So what the club?
03:39That club club.
03:40And actione done detri.
03:43Really na bandafai.
03:44They even form club wana GBV.
03:51School related gender based violence club.
03:55What them form a for with the gal pick in there.
03:58One would go through some disadvantages in the community environment.
04:05Even through with young parents there.
04:07What them can do some certain things then to we will not define.
04:10So they come from that club there for let that reduce.
04:17And for more than from that club there really that do reduce na the community.
04:23Even them they take action against big man the adult.
04:28They rode the rape school piquinde.
04:29They rode the rape school again the pulling education put on bie for everything.
04:40So an actione done kawda club.
04:44Then form a parent there as a SMC.
04:47Anything wana band.
04:49If we don't go we don't tell we can go meet there.
04:54And even if kumbrade in an area and they doing peking bad.
05:00And they beat us on a wedding day.
05:02Where the peking are happy.
05:03And come it's we.
05:05We can go meet her.
05:07As we own parents.
05:09Where the acts can wait to happen.
05:11And explain to me.
05:13If we know you talk to her.
05:14We can go meet with men.
05:15So we know Mr. Abu.
05:16And explain to her.
05:19So we can go meet the SMC chair lady.
05:23When I'm at the hospital.
05:26Explain to her.
05:28So if they call the kumbrade still.
05:29Then they will talk to her.
05:31And that they can call action.
05:32Now put them before her.
05:34Then they take action.
05:36So they don't take cases.
05:38They want to one or two.
05:40Then they take action against them people.
05:43So they don't do.
05:45But putting them in that village.
05:46We're really happy for them.
05:48Then even can't give me primary school back.
05:51We're happy for that.
05:52Because on Saturday.
05:53Then they.
05:55Then they go put class.
05:56One class.
05:56Two now.
05:57One class.
05:59They don't go put class.
06:00Two class.
06:00Three now.
06:01One class.
06:01So that's all.
06:02We make.
06:04So on Saturday.
06:04Then they don't get effective learning.
06:06And they don't give me qualified teachers then.
06:12They don't go study and come.
06:14So that they can give more idea to who the school pick in them.
06:18So we tell them plenty thank you for that.
06:20We're going to go to the site.
06:22For me daddy to do the mining.
06:25We'll go.
06:26Someday.
06:27We'll go take duty.
06:29Forgo put up for daddy when there was.
06:32Sometimes we're going to the car.
06:33We'll soak.
06:34And we'll feel cold.
06:35Not bath and all day forgo sito.
06:37And we'll go to the site sometime.
06:48Even they give me food safe.
06:50It's not sufficient for me.
06:53Oh, the oak small.
06:55Anger can depa you.
06:57But even though he tell you daddy.
06:58So low oak.
07:02Sandwood the warm way.
07:06We can also.
07:07So at the end of the day.
07:09He had to at you.
07:12But we're going to know that.
07:14He daddy got to tell you to be patient.
07:17What would we go to the site?
07:19Really we're not happy.
07:21Sometimes we're going to go.
07:23Because if he daddy did give me a chance.
07:24He totally got to.
07:25He never got to.
07:27But he not going to deny.
07:28First he got to tell you.
07:29Because he didn't deny in the world.
07:31He did totally go to.
07:32He did feel pain.
07:34We go angry mostly.
07:37And they disturbed him back.
07:40Because if he don't eat.
07:41He going to school.
07:42He can't eat at night.
07:43He going to bushe till 6 o'clock.
07:46Then can cook food for later he eats.
07:50So then they be the.
07:51Ambo the system.
07:53Even if he don't eat at night.
07:54He can feel the belly.
07:57So then they be the man.
07:58I mean really.
07:58Don't you.
07:59Don't you.
08:02Action.
08:03Don't do.
08:03Boku thing for me.
08:05And me family.
08:07From the action.
08:08It kind of me life.
08:10I stop for going.
08:11I'm in sight.
08:13And me daddy back stop for doing my name.
08:17Action.
08:17They provide for me.
08:18Learning materials.
08:19and that money don't me daddy be the take buy for me book pen school uniform and
08:28get taken out and provide food not us for me so actually don't do for me
08:35buckuti even with a primary school window whether don't build for me so
08:44what we do going on the sites really are not be happy
08:53I feel angry and I know like for gonna bush actually well from actually big
09:01support me now me daddy stop for the money action aid then we provide for me
09:08learning materials so now me daddy to do business well me why they come up what
09:16don't education I won't forget to doctorate because Sierra Leone as a
09:25country right now we know the medical doctor day no system book over medical
09:32doctor no buckle so while I'm well done in school I do me cause I want for the
09:40doctorate well when I find a new village and then we come to the other they still
09:47go open around mine inside there when we kiss the other season to go oh and I feel
09:53sorry for them because I remember waiting me be the good school the suffer man told me
09:59to go to school and then the back then back still the on the go now so are the
10:06feeling for them if actually they can get the chance that and support them back
10:11because I'm back the sofa small small picking and then I'll not go north side
10:17but when I know to go school they know get support some don't go get belay
10:22the man they know they take care of the okay that me friend and they do mine
10:28you wanna add them say in my mano day in the panel day in a queen day and then
10:36they know they take care for a showing just day in a little when gonna school
10:43sometimes in the left minute school in kind of house and can can take its pan and
10:49the shovel in gonna side for label girlfriend in living because you know
10:55girl daddy take care of her so in back really they go to suffer issue well if I
11:03should go right now they think well I'll update ready I know the now so that you
11:10are coming on a school pass around I go meet me that in a bush I go up for ok well
11:15now I come on a school like a acid or present tell me she take a book like go
11:20on a school for lessee or take me book a study I play with my friends a I love so
11:27what is it though I remember that and all right now I feel so happy
11:33get started
11:39at this point
11:40get started
11:43go
11:44go
11:45get started
11:47go
11:49go
11:51go
11:51go
11:53go
11:55go

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