00:00So, yes, they have slightly genetically modified wolves, maybe.
00:18And that's probably the best you're going to get.
00:21And those slight modifications seem to have been derived from retrieved dire wolf material.
00:30Does that make it a dire wolf?
00:31No.
00:32Does it make a slightly modified gray wolf?
00:35Yes.
00:36And that's probably about it.
00:48When you claim all these great big things and then you don't provide the associated
00:51evidence, especially in something as controversial as this, that is a massive red flag.
00:56It suggests that, well, at best, they've over-exaggerated.
01:03At worst, they're lying through their teeth.
01:33We don't, we don't have the technology to modify entire genomes.
01:50We can modify components of genomes and we can certainly sequence genomes, but the fact
01:58that fossil evidence, unless it's only recently extinct and very essentially not been degraded
02:04for very long.
02:05This is why sort of the Jurassic Park concept is even more fantastical because we're talking
02:10about tens of millions of years between deposition of the individual and finding the fossil.
02:18So the DNA degradation would mean that if you could get a few base pairs out, you're
02:22doing well.
02:23And that's not enough to create an entire genome.
02:25Where do you put them?
02:27I mean, this is one thing that seems to be completely lost on the de-extinction people
02:31is that, let's say that even you managed to bring back a sufficient number of mammoths
02:37or dire wolves to create a viable population.
02:40This is important because you need thousands of completely genetically diverse individuals
02:45in the population to have any chance of surviving in the future.
02:49The whole Adam and Eve concept that we create two and they can just go on and do their own thing.
02:54Now that's called inbreeding depression.
02:56And then things die very quickly.
02:59Most introductions of most species fail, over 99%.
03:03Why?
03:04Because there's a few individuals that inbreed themselves out of existence.
03:08This is the same with respect to humans.
03:12It happens in humans.
03:13It happens in mice.
03:14It happens in the smallest individuals.
03:26It happens in animals.
03:29It happens in humans.
03:32It happens in animals.
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