Reference citations in text are covered on pages 261-268 of the Publication Manual. What follows are some general guidelines for referring to the works of others in your essay.

Apr 23, 2025 · There are two basic ways to cite someone's work in text. In narrative citations, the authors are part of the sentence - you are referring to them by name. For example: Becker (2013) defined gamification as giving the mechanics of principles of a game to other activities.

Mar 14, 2022 · An in-text citation is an acknowledgement you include in your text whenever you quote or paraphrase a source. It usually gives the author’s last name, the year of publication, and the page number of the relevant text.

Nov 4, 2020 · APA in-text citations consist of the author’s last name and publication year. When citing a specific part of a source, also include a page number or range, for example (Parker, 2020, p. 67) or (Johnson, 2017, pp. 39–41). Worried about in-text citation errors?

Apr 30, 2020 · In Harvard style, citations appear in brackets in the text. An in-text citation consists of the last name of the author, the year of publication, and a page number if relevant. Up to three authors are included in Harvard in-text citations. If there are four or more authors, the citation is shortened with et al.

We also provide specific guidance for in-text citation, including formats for interviews, classroom and intranet sources, and personal communications; in-text citations in general; and paraphrases and direct quotations.

In-Text Citations. Resources on using in-text citations in APA style. The Basics General guidelines for referring to the works of others in your essay Author/Authors How to refer to authors in-text, including single and multiple authors, unknown authors, organizations, etc.

APA references generally include information about the author, publication date, title, and source. Depending on the type of source, you may have to include extra information that helps your reader locate the source. Citing a source starts with choosing the correct reference format.

Harvard College promises “to educate the citizens and citizen-leaders for our society” (“Mission, Vision, & History”). If you are referring to a source that has two authors, you should include both authors in your parenthetical citation.