Jun 22, 2025 · Cooking, fermentation, glass making, and metallurgy are all chemical processes that date from the beginnings of civilization. Today, vinyl, Teflon, liquid crystals, …

Jul 11, 2025 · A chemical reaction is a process in which one or more substances, the reactants, are converted to one or more different substances, the products. Substances are either …

A chemical element is any substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by ordinary chemical processes. Elements are the fundamental materials of which all matter is …

Jun 19, 2025 · Chemical compound, any substance composed of identical molecules consisting of atoms of two or more chemical elements. All the matter in the universe is composed of the …

chemical formula, any of several kinds of expressions of the composition or structure of chemical compounds. The forms commonly encountered are empirical, molecular, structural, and …

chemical synthesis, the construction of complex chemical compounds from simpler ones. It is the process by which many substances important to daily life are obtained. It is applied to all types …

Jul 15, 2025 · Salt, also called sodium chloride, mineral substance of great importance to human and animal health, as well as to industry. The mineral form halite, or rock salt, is sometimes …

chemical energy, Energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds. Chemical energy may be released during a chemical reaction, often in the form of heat; such reactions are called …

Chemical reactions abound in the natural world, changing the composition of matter within Earth, on its surface, and in the atmosphere, and driving a vast array of processes in living systems. …

Jul 4, 2025 · National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Revisiting the Oxidation of Graphite: Reaction Mechanism, Chemical Stability, and Structure Self-Regulation …