4-dimensional printing (4D printing; also known as 4D bioprinting, active origami, or shape-morphing systems) uses the same techniques of 3D printing through computer-programmed deposition of material in successive layers to create a three-dimensional object.

4D printing is the process through which a 3D printed object transforms itself into another structure over the influence of external energy input as temperature, light or other environmental stimuli. This technology is part of the project of MIT Self-assembly Lab.

Jul 16, 2021 · 4D printing refers to single-material or multi-material printing of a device or object that can be transformed from a 1D strand into pre-programed 3D shape, from a 2D surface into preprogramed 3D shape and is capable of morphing between different dimensions.

Aug 1, 2024 · We systematically illustrate the morphing mechanisms of the 4D printed smart materials, and then critically discuss the stimuli that can trigger transformation in the 4D printed smart materials, including heat, light, moisture, pH, electric current, and magnetic field.

4 hours ago · The STL file gives the printer the information it needs to build the object layer by layer by describing the surface geometry of the 3D, 4D, and 5D objects as a mesh of triangles. The building method of layer by layer is the second premise.

Jan 2, 2024 · In this article, explore how this cutting-edge technology leverages smart materials to create adaptive, self-assembling structures. From medical stents to space fabrics, 4D printing is set to change the landscape of manufacturing and beyond. Discover the latest advancements and future potential of this fascinating innovation.

4 hours ago · The concept of 3D printing was given by American universities in 2016. 5D printing is a new branch of additive manufacturing. 5D printing produces three-dimensional objects utilising five axes. A three-dimensional printer with five axes produces more durable parts than 3D and 4D printer output.

4 hours ago · A part generated by 3D and 4D printing can endure up to 0.1 MPa, but the identical part produced by 5D printing may withstand up to 3.7 MPa, according to an experimental study done as an indicator of this condition [52, 53]. 5D printing is interesting in the automotive, aerospace, and biomedical industries because it can create curved surfaces ...

Multi-material digital light processing 3D printing (MM-DLP 3DP) technology enables the selective programming of an interface on a functional substrate of any topological shape to achieve a perfect fit between the 4D actuator and the intelligent system being deployed.

Mar 14, 2025 · 3D printing market reaches $24.8 billion, more insights from Protolabs’ new 3D Printing Trend Report Alex Tyrer-Jones June 07th 2024 - 11:10am Global AM market hits €10B, steady growth ...