Across physics, biology and philosophy, a once-fringe idea is gaining new intellectual weight: the possibility that the ...

Holobiont biology recognizes animals, plants, fungi and other hosts as dynamic assemblages of interacting and/or interdependent host and microbial cells, just as the host body is recognized as a ...

Intraspecific variation in plants can affect soil organisms. However, little is known about whether the magnitude of the effect depends on the degree of interaction with the roots. We analyzed effects ...

In 2006, Wojciech Pisula snuck behind a gas station in Warsaw, Poland to catch a rat. A psychologist at the Polish Academy of Sciences, Pisula had been sending lab rats through mazes for more than a ...

In nature, ecosystems are tightly linked through the flow of organisms, detritus, and nutrients across boundaries arbitrarily imagined by humans. These systems are deeply in tune with seasonal changes ...

An organism’s environment can vary over spatial and temporal scales. Seasonal variation is an important but overlooked source of environmental variation that often shapes the ranges of organisms. The ...

Soon we will know the sequence of the human genome, or some humans' genomes, anyway – and then what? The sequence alone will not tell us which parts function as genes, much less what those genes do.

THERE is a slight difference between all three of the answers to Mr. Murphy's queries on Protective Mimicry (vol. xiv. pp. 309, 329); but, I think, the authors of those replies are unanimously ...