Figure 4 shows the top view of the SAPIN and a simplified cross-section drawing of the SAPIN diode. 1 As a normal PIN diode, the device has a p+ anode, undoped i-region, and an n+ cathode connection.

Cathode layers of 8-hydroxyquinoline lithium (Liq) (1 nm) ... et al. Extremely efficient flexible organic light-emitting diodes with modified graphene anode. Nature Photon 6, 105–110 (2012) ...

Silicon anodes are generally viewed as the next development in lithium-ion battery technology. Silicon’s ability to absorb more charge translates to longer battery life and smaller batteries, if ...